Deprecated: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getModules() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/document/html/html.php on line 272
Deprecated: Non-static method JModuleHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 88
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getBool() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/module/helper.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 217
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 382
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line 253
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/content.php on line 35
Deprecated: Non-static method JHTML::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line 37
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/html/html.php on line 66
Deprecated: Non-static method JHTML::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/html/html.php on line 66
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line 40
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 255
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 134
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line 46
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 163
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line 47
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 134
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/filter/filterinput.php on line 501
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line 48
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDocument() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 287
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 290
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 255
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 134
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 291
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 255
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 134
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 627
Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::base() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/view.php on line 178
Deprecated: Non-static method JHTML::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/view.php on line 13
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/html/html.php on line 326
Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 592
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line 112
Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line 113
Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::_createFileName() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line 114
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line 83
Deprecated: Non-static method JTable::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line 268
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 45
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 140
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 356
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 701
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 702
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line 373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line 45
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line 307
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 192
Deprecated: Non-static method JCache::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 208
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/cache/cache.php on line 87
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 255
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getURI() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/cache/handler/view.php on line 148
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getURI() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 51
Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 402
Deprecated: Non-static method JCacheStorage::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/cache/cache.php on line 313
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/cache/storage/file.php on line 37
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/cache/cache.php on line 206
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDocument() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/cache/handler/view.php on line 85
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 33
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 163
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDocument() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 34
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 35
Deprecated: Non-static method JPathway::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 678
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplicationHelper::getClientInfo() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/pathway.php on line 75
Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/pathway.php on line 34
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/application.php on line 345
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 701
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 702
Deprecated: Non-static method JComponentHelper::getParams() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/application.php on line 240
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 701
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 702
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 384
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line 373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line 45
Deprecated: Non-static method ContentHelperQuery::buildVotingQuery() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 526
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 608
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 163
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDate() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 611
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 426
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getACL() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/user/user.php on line 260
Deprecated: Non-static method JText::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 550
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line 120
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 110
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line 163
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line 373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line 45
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 583
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 60
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 151
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line 577
Deprecated: Non-static method JTable::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line 181
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/database/table.php on line 91
Deprecated: Non-static method JTable::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/database/table.php on line 91
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/database/table.php on line 112
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getACL() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/user/user.php on line 260
Deprecated: Non-static method JRoute::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 78
Deprecated: Non-static method ContentHelperRoute::getArticleRoute() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 78
Deprecated: Non-static method ContentHelperRoute::_findItem() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/helpers/route.php on line 49
Deprecated: Non-static method JComponentHelper::getComponent() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/helpers/route.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JComponentHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/helper.php on line 39
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/helpers/route.php on line 99
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 701
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 702
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line 41
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/application.php on line 372
Deprecated: Non-static method JRouter::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 655
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 656
Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/router.php on line 419
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/application.php on line 345
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 701
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 702
Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::base() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/router.php on line 109
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::importPlugin() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 101
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line 92
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 486
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 486
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 486
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 486
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 486
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line 97
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 486
Deprecated: iconv_set_encoding(): Use of iconv.internal_encoding is deprecated in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/utilities/string.php on line 32
Deprecated: iconv_set_encoding(): Use of iconv.input_encoding is deprecated in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/utilities/string.php on line 33
Deprecated: iconv_set_encoding(): Use of iconv.output_encoding is deprecated in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/utilities/string.php on line 34
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line 373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line 45
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line 373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line 45
Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line 110
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/includes/application.php on line 345
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 701
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 702
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 384
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDocument() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 912
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/leonardo/public_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line 384
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Fabbriche di scrittura
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22 Ottobre 2011
Giuseppe Lupo su ilSole24ore.it
Nonostante Ermanno Rea ci abbia raccontato la morte della fabbrica nella Dismissione (2002), la letteratura industriale è più che mai viva. Certo non siamo nel periodo aureo degli anni 50-60, quando i libri di Volponi e Ottieri, di Fortini e Balestrini animavano il dibattito sulle aziende e sul ruolo degli intellettuali all'interno di esse. Tuttavia mai come in questo periodo i problemi del lavoro, probabilmente perché esasperati dalla crisi di risorse e di identità in cui versa l'Occidente, rappresentano un tema di rilevanti proporzioni, che il Premio Strega nelle ultime due edizioni ha giustamente onorato con Acciaio di Silvia Avallone, Storia della mia gente di Edoardo Nesi (vincitore) e Ternitti di Mario Desiati. Che ci sia un notevole interesse intorno a questo fenomeno lo dimostra anche una serie di iniziative: mi riferisco, per soli cenni, al «Premio Biella Letteratura e Industria» (l'unico in Italia) o al sito www.houseorgan.net, curato da Giorgio Bigatti e Carlo Vinti con lo scopo di schedare i periodici finanziati dalle imprese, ancora in attività o conclusi.
La sfida che si presenta a chi si cimenta con questo tipo di letteratura non è tanto il bisogno di descrivere fedelmente la fabbrica, magari con l'obiettivo di evidenziarne difetti e contraddizioni, come accadeva, spesso con un pregiudizio ideologico, all'epoca della ricostruzione e del benessere. E nemmeno la necessità di testimoniare/documentare la vita di tute blu e di colletti bianchi: quella, per intenderci, che ci è stata raccontata, tanto per citare libri paradigmatici, da Giancarlo Buzzi nel Senatore (1958), da Ottiero Ottieri in Donnarumma all'assalto, da Paolo Volponi in Memoriale (1962), da Goffredo Parise nel Padrone (1965), da Primo Levi nella Chiave a stella (1978). Oggi, insomma, i narratori interessati alla cultura industriale ci restituiscono il senso di una metamorfosi, le ragioni di un profondo mutamento antropologico (oltre che economico) che non hanno soltanto inciso sul destino dei singoli individui, ma sulle categorie interpretative attraverso cui narrare di aziende quando ormai sono mutati scenari e prospettive. Se l'icona della fabbrica non è sopravvissuta all'usura del tempo (e con essa anche la classe operaia e le periferie urbane), dinanzi agli occhi degli scrittori si aprono traiettorie che conducono in direzioni impreviste e talvolta spiazzanti. Per esempio, le lotte sindacali, che avevano animato l'autunno caldo, mentre a Nanni Balestrini avevano fornito l'occasione per un romanzo della contestazione come Vogliamo tutto (1971), una decina di anni fa sono state trasfigurate in chiave omerica da Alberto Bellocchio nel poema Sirena operaia (2000).
Un cambiamento di simili proporzioni, che segna un'evoluzione nel genere della letteratura ispirata al capitalismo, è piuttosto indicativo del modo di porsi nei confronti di una stagione memorabile. E non è certamente l'unico. Altri se ne potrebbero evocare. Raffaele Nigro ci consegna in Malvarosa (2005) l'immagine della fabbrica cimiteriale: stiamo alludendo all'Italsider di Taranto che è al centro anche del più recente Vicolo dell'acciaio (2010) di Cosimo Argentina. Se poi leggiamo le peripezie narrate da Francesco Dezio in Nicola Rubino è entrato in fabbrica (2004), non possiamo non ricordare, almeno in termini ideali, che esse sono figlie di Tuta blu (1978), il libro di Tommaso Di Ciaula, più graffiante dal punto di vista del linguaggio, ma egualmente esasperato.
Non dissimile è il discorso sulle nevrosi operaie, all'interno delle quali viene da pensare alle diverse analogie, fatte le debite proporzioni, tra le drammatiche confessioni di un Albino Saluggia (il personaggio di Memoriale) e l'andamento monologante con cui Dante Maffia dà fiato al protagonista del suo Milano non esiste (2009).
Sia quando gli scrittori a noi contemporanei tornano sul "già detto", variandone cadenze e stili, sia quando esplorano soluzioni del tutto nuove (penso a Massimo Lolli che con i suoi libri testimonia dell'avvenuto passaggio dal romanzo industriale al romanzo aziendale), bisogna aver chiaro che al tradizionale concetto di fabbrica si va attribuendo un nuovo significato, un volto inedito, per cui si può davvero parlare di letteratura post-industriale. Siamo tutti consapevoli di trovarci in una fase abbondantemente al di là rispetto alle severe critiche mosse da Vittorini nel celebre numero del «menabò 4» (1961). Mentre l'autore di Conversazione in Sicilia, in quella sede, definiva le officine un «mondo imposseduto» dagli scrittori (perché osservato ancora secondo prospettive naturalistiche, finalizzate a fornire «documenti»), nessuno più sospetta che al racconto di giovani precari, di operai licenziati, di manager in crisi di personalità, alla base insomma di quelle vicende che trovano ospitalità nei centri direzionali o nei corridoi delle multinazionali (non più nei capannoni dai tetti a sega), manchi quell'istanza antropologica, quella capacità di rappresentare le trasformazioni di un territorio a vocazione agricolo-artigianale, come era riuscito a fare Lucio Mastronardi nel Calzolaio di Vigevano, tenuto a battesimo dallo stesso Vittorini, nel 1959, al debutto del «menabò».
Si rende perciò necessario storicizzare tanto il presente quanto il passato: l'uno ancora magmatico, ma già abbondantemente provvisto di elementi destinati al vaglio della critica letteraria; l'altro, bisognoso di recuperi, riedizioni, antologizzazioni. Proprio perché ci troviamo nel territorio della post-fabbrica occorre fare piena luce sui fenomeni di un cinquantennio: da quel perimetro di testi inscrivibili nel "laboratorio Vittorini" (in cui sono compresi autori come Giudici, Mastronardi, Pagliarani, Pirelli) alla galassia di intellettuali che hanno fatto perno intorno ad Adriano Olivetti e alla sua fabbrica-comunità (da Bigiaretti a Buzzi, da Fortini a Ottieri, da Pampaloni a Volponi) o quel sodalizio di poeti e pittori, legato a Leonardo Sinisgalli e ospitato su «Pirelli» e «Civiltà delle Macchine». È tramontata l'epoca in cui scrittori e artisti godevano della fiducia delle aziende e in esse trovavano l'occasione per esprimere il loro talento. Tuttavia di quella stagione felice, l'ultima in cui ai chierici è stata data la chance di edificare la polis, almeno giungono sulle nostre scrivanie i frutti più maturi, i risultati più significativi: come Il padrone di Parise, rimesso in circolazione da Adelphi, forse il capofila dei romanzi sui "colletti bianchi", o come Gymkhana-Cross di Luigi Davì, il libro sulla felicità operaia, accolto tra i "gettoni" nel 1957 e di imminente uscita per l'editore Hacca.
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